In a piece written exclusively for Modern Russia, Dr. Tomislava Penkova, Research Fellow at the Milan-based Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), analyzes the current Russian modernization process and its links to Moscow’s foreign policy. Dr. Penkova, who also lectures at the Catholic University of Milan, examines the following in her piece:

• The role of the West, specifically the European Union and United States, in Russia’s modernization;

• How the BRICS, and more specifically China and India, can contribute to Russian modernization efforts;

• How that process will shape Russo-Chinese and Russo-Indian relations.